Defence assets operate in the most severe exposure environments recognised by ISO 12944, C5 marine atmospheres and Im2 seawater immersion, and they are expected to stay available.
Aluminium and steel hulls, dissimilar-metal details, ballast and void spaces, and long sustainment cycles all create conditions where coating breakdown starts small and compounds quietly.
On a defence platform, a coating failure found late is not just a maintenance item. It is lost availability in a contested docking schedule.






